Global Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Market -Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, And Forecast, 2012 - 2018 on Environmental Expert

Environmental Expert: Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a solution of indium oxide and tin oxide which is found in a solid state. Typically, indium tin oxide has 90% of indium oxide and 10% of tin oxide by weight. When in thin layer it is colorless and transparent, while it forms a yellowish grey color when in bulk. Indium tin oxide is a member of transparent conducting oxide and is a widely used transparent conduction oxide owing to its excellent physical properties.

Browse Report : http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/indium-tin-oxide.html

Indium tin oxide accounted for approximately 97% of the overall market for transparent conducting oxides in 2011. The steady growth of transparent and flexible electronics is the major factor which is propelling the growth of the global indium oxides market. However, the growing R&D in developing alternatives for indium tin oxide is acting as one of the major restraints for the market.

Asia is the leading producer and consumer of indium tin oxide due to the huge electronics market in China, Japan, and Korea. However, countries like Canada, Peru and Belgium also represent strong markets for ITO and are in the list of leading producers of ITO. Companies like Keeling Walker and Kurt J Lesker Co. among some others are the major companies operating in the global market.

This report is a complete study of current trends in the market, industry growth drivers, and restraints. It provides market projections for the coming years. It includes analysis of recent developments in technology, Porter’s five force model analysis and detailed profiles of top industry players. The report also includes a review of micro and macro factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants along with detailed value chain analysis.

Cadmium tin oxide solar cell

Espacenet: In one aspect of the present invention, a method is included. The method includes thermally processing an assembly to form at least one transparent layer. The assembly includes a first panel including a first layer disposed on a first support and a second panel including a second layer disposed on a second support, wherein the second panel faces the first panel, and wherein the first layer and the second layer include substantially amorphous cadmium tin oxide. Method of making a photovoltaic device is also included.

Metals for Energy & Environment 2012

Metals for Energy & Environment 2012 - by Metal-Pages: etals for Energy & Environment 2012
When & Where
6 - 8 Jun 2012
Las Vegas, United States
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This event takes place in the Green Valley Ranch resort in Las Vegas, for more information and to book a hotel room check out the


Keynote Presentations
09:00 "An update on Mountain Pass and the Rare Earth Market," Mark Smith, President and Chief Executive Officer of Molycorp, Inc., USA
09:30 "Rare Earths and the Challenges of Change in China", Clint Cox, President The Anchor House, Inc., USA
10:00 "Magnets for green energy and the environment," Ed Richardson, President, United States Magnetic Materials Association, USA

10:45 Networking Coffee break

11:15 "Critical materials - supply perspectives - USA", Ron MacDonald, Chairman, American Vanadium Corp, Canada
11:45 "Critical materials – supply perspectives - Europe," speaker to be announced
12:15 "Molybdenum sustainability and the environment," Tim Outteridge, Secretary-General, International Molybdenum Association, UK

13:00 Networking lunch sponsored by Molycorp

14:30 “Wind turbines – market growth and metals demand,” speaker to be announced
15:00 “The global solar silicon market - Where to now?” James May - Chairman and CEO, Midland Siilicon Company LLC, USA
15:30 “Indium, Gallium, Selenium, Cadmium and Tellurium for the solar market,” speaker to be announced

16:00 Close of first day’s session followed by networking coffee and tea

18:00 Networking cocktail party (ends 20:00)


Friday, 8 June

09:30 “The influence of new projects on the supply of rare earths 2013-2020,” John Kaiser, Editor, Kaiser Research Online, USA
10:15 "Will the Global Rare Earth Supply Chain Preclude America from Competing in Green Technology Manufacturing?" Michael Silver, CEO, American Elements, USA

11:00 Networking refreshment break

11:30 "Shoring Up the Grid: Vanadium and Energy Storage," Jon Hykawy, head of global research, Byron Capital Markets, Canada
12:00 “Recycling a critical source of raw materials,” speaker to be announced

12:30 Lunch

14:00 “Cleaning the Sky - The role of Cobalt Containing Aerospace Superalloys,” David Weight, Director and General Manager, Cobalt Development Institute, UK
14:30 “Electric Vehicles, developments and market trend,” speaker to be announced
15:00 “Catalysts and a clean environment”, speaker to be announced

ITO replacement market booming, says Information Network

digitimes: "While indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used as the material for transparent electrodes in an assorted range of electronic devices including thin film photovoltaics, touch-screen displays, LCD panels, e-paper and electroluminescent (EL) panels, its leadership role as the dominant transparent conducting film is eroding, according to market researcher The Information Network.

'ITO commanded a market share of 97.6% in 2010 primarily because of flat panel and touch-screen displays,' noted Robert Castellano, president of The Information Network. 'ITO will lose share to 79.4% in 2016 on a unit basis.'"

Flexibility is a key factor and all new successful replacements for ITO offer flexibility, bendability and other characteristics superior to ITO even though transparency and electrical conductivity are slightly worse, The Information Network noted. Flexible films are important characteristics in touch panels, bendable e-paper and similar products, the firm added.

Non-ITO transparent conductors will remain dominant in the thin film solar cell market segment throughout the forecast period, according to The Information Network. High-flying thin film photovoltaics CdTe and CIGS mainly use alternatives. CdTe uses fluorine-doped tin oxide and CIGS uses aluminum-doped zinc oxide. ITO is not expected to make any increase to its fairly low market share. The more flexible alternatives (including polymers and carbon nanotubes) will make inroads into this market toward the latter part of the forecast period.

Improvement of the performance of inverted polymer solar cells with a fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode

Scopus: "We prepared the inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) with a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as a transparent electrode and with TiO2, WO3 and WOx as selective charge transport layers. An adequately thick TiO2 nanoparticles layer was employed for covering a very rough FTO surface. Using a solution-based WOx film instead of a vacuum deposited WO3 layer in inverted polymer solar cells showed comparable device performance. A self-assembled molecular (SAM) layer of PCBA and N719 on top of TiO2 improves the device performance by reducing the series resistance at the interface between the active layer and the TiO2 film. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) was improved by 16%, especially in the case of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid (PCBA)"

New transparent electrodes for highly flexible electronics created

domain-b.com: "Researchers at the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science have now developed a new transparent electrode based on silver nanowires (AgNW) that could replace ITO.

The new electrode uses low-cost, non-toxic and stable materials and is easy to fabricate. It is produced on a cross-linked, transparent polyacylate substrate, which is cheaper than glass and can be stiff and rigid or flexible and stretchable."

Top 10 Renewable Energy Technology Breakthroughs In 2010

Ecofriend: "Researchers at IBM created an inexpensive solar cell from materials that are dirt cheap and easily available. The layer that absorbs sunlight and converts it into electricity is made with copper, tin, zinc, sulfur and selenium. The best part of the solar cell is that it still manages to hit an efficiency of 9.6 percent, which is much higher than earlier attempts to make solar panels using similar materials."

Graphene electrodes for organic solar cells

MIT news: "The standard material used so far for these electrodes is indium-tin-oxide, or ITO. But indium is expensive and relatively rare, so the search has been on for a suitable replacement. Now, a team of MIT researchers has come up with a practical way of using a possible substitute made from inexpensive and ubiquitous carbon. The proposed material is graphene, a form of carbon in which the atoms form a flat sheet just one atom thick, arranged in a chicken-wire-like formation.

An analysis of how to use graphene as an electrode for such solar cells was published on Dec. 17 in the journal Nanotechnology, in a paper by MIT professors Jing Kong and Vladimir Bulović along with two of their students and a postdoctoral researcher."

Tin as a possible candidate for solar thermochemical redox process for hydrogen production

Scopus: "The feasibility to produce hydrogen in the Sn-H2>O/SnO 2>-C thermochemical water splitting redox process depends mainly on the efficiency of the tin hydrolysis step, which has not been studied adequately so far, while the cassererite carboreduction is implemented by industry for tin production.

The present work deals with the hydrolysis of different kinds of tin powders at different experimental conditions at moderate temperature range 180-620'C. In spite of the fact that the rate of hydrogen production is lower compared with other metals, e.g., zinc, at the same reactor temperature, high conversion level was obtained in a controllable reaction. Consequently, tin can be a relevant candidate for solar hydrogen production considering the advantage of significant lower temperatures required for the solar carboreduction of its oxide"

Vishnevetsky, I., Epstein, M.

Solar Research Facilities Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel

Tin doping in spray pyrolysed indium sulfide thin films for solar cell applications

Scopus: "This paper presents studies carried out on tin-doped indium sulfide films prepared using Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP) technique. Effect of both in-situ and ex-situ doping were analyzed. Ex-situ doping was done by thermal diffusion, which was realized by annealing Sn/In2S3 bilayer films.

In-situ doping was accomplished by introducing Sn into the spray solution by using SnCl45H2O. Interestingly, it was noted that by ex-situ doping, conductivity of the sample enhanced considerably without affecting any of the physical properties such as crystallinity or band gap. Analysis also showed that higher percentage of doping resulted in samples with low crystallinity and negative photosensitivity.

In-situ doping resulted in amorphous films. In contrast to ex-situ doping, 'in- situ doping' resulted in widening of optical band gap through oxygen incorporation; also it gave highly photosensitive films."

Treatment of solar polycrystalline silicon in liquid tin

Scopus: "It is shown that the treatment of the p-typc polycrystalline silicon in liquid tin at ∼730 'C for 1-4 h considerably increases the lifetime of minority charge carriers"

Leoni expands solar portfolio with tinned flat wire

Leoni, a leading provider of cables and cable systems for the automotive sector and other industries, has complemented its range of successful products for the solar industry. The new product is a tinned flat copper wire that connects the individual cells and strings inside the photovoltaic modules. Leoni will present its new solar flat wire for the first time at the WIRE 2010 trade fair, which takes place in Düsseldorf this week. The Company's display will be on stand A40 in hall 11.

Leoni will present the solar industry with a high-quality solution for connecting cells and strings inside the modules. Based on experience of wire processing and refining copper products that dates back to the 16th century, Leoni offers a complete value chain from a single source from wire drawing through to the customized product. Tailored dimensions of the connectors and their adaptation to individual customer requirements as well as coating them with pure tin or tin solder alloys are options in all conceivable variations.

Leoni has been providing installation cables for photovoltaic plants as well as cables for wind turbines for some years already. With this newly developed wire connection, the Company has broadened its portfolio for renewable energy to include a product that boasts not only extremely accurate dimensions and a high quality of materials it also stands out with its durability and high degree of environmental compatibility. No fluxing agents or chemical substances whatsoever are used in the production of this flat wire.

The connector is absolutely burr-free and tinned all around, making it easy and quick to process further when soldering. In its core it consists of either electrolyte copper (Cu-ETP1) or oxygen-free copper (Cu-OF1); the wire thickness ranges from 0.08 to 0.40 millimeters and the wire widths range from 1.2 to 5.0 millimeters. The product is made exclusively at a certified production facility in Germany.

Heraeus sets up R&D center in Taiwan

EMSNow: "Germany-based Heraeus on March 9 announced the establishment of an R&D center in northern Taiwan at an initial investment of NT$60 million (US$1.88 million) to provide materials and technical service for Taiwan-based crystalline silicon solar cell makers and the company plans to set up a factory for PV (photovoltaic) silver paste in Taiwan in 2012, according to the company's PV Business Unit manager Andy London.

Heraeus is currently the second largest global producer of PV silver paste, a material crucial to the energy conversion of solar cells, and expects to increase its global market share from 25% at the end of 2009 to over 40% at the end of 2010, London indicated.

Heraeus has manufacturing facilities for PV silver paste in Germany, the US and China, and plans to set up a fourth one in Taiwan in view of the increasing global market share of Taiwan-based solar cell makers, London pointed out."

Tinned Wire to increase

Nexans: Tri-wire is operating its own Tinning Line again

10 March 2010. (Nexans Tri-Wire News Update)

Five years after the de-installation of the old tinning line, Tri-wire in Normanton is operating it's own Tinning Plant again.

After almost 5 months, the team of operators, engineers and external contractors have managed to install a Niehoff machine which was previously in operation in the Nexans Plant in Sweden (Grimsas).

A Steel protected structure with a special coating has been designed to enable the access to all parts of the machine. Leakages in the tank can be detected and repaired.

Additionally a special tinning line Coiler has been completely overhauled machanically and electronically. This will enable Tri-wire to deliver in steel stators as well as in one way cardboard boxes.

Next step is the installation of take-up facilities for reels in order to meet customer specific needs.

The main target is to improve the flexibility of Tri-wire as the only remaining dedicated copper wire manufacturer in the UK and Ireland.

The market for tinned products is facing a strong increase related to high temperature cable applications i.e. automotive and solar energy.

------------------------------------------

Richard York, Sales/Product Manager, TriWire

01924 223744

33 people, 22 years

Copper rod, drawing down

Wire and cable

10,000 tpa copper

1,500 tinned

Finished wire from Nexams - emphasis 18 months plant from Scandinavia - 2H09 refurbished - up and running

Automotive - cabling - tinned wire - better conductivity, more cohesive more compatible with certain types of insulation esp rubber - significant swing towards tinned wire - coating weight - tinned wire 6-6.5 um used to be but automotive drawn to 0.1 8-8.5 um

Not restricted by size - tin

Solder balls - flat on one side, cage - electroplated - hot dipped - more duller finish skim

£11,000 per tonne

Factory in Germany - Noinberg in Bavaria.. Nexans used to be L&K... significant

Nexans - huge, largest in world - ex-Pirelli close behind. Tinned wire - UK.

Solar cells - one wire - using on continent Ireland but wire flatten and part of the panel - fine beautiful tin alloy

Dusseldorf - 12th April - Wire 2010 exhibition - 2 years

www.nexans.co.uk/triwire

IBM Sets World Record by Creating High-Efficiency Solar Cell Made from Earth-Abundant Materials

Factiva: "IBM (NYSE:IBM) announced it has built a solar cell -- where the key layer that absorbs most of the light for conversion into electricity, is made entirely of readily-available elements -- that set a new world record for efficiency and holds potential for enabling solar cell technology to produce more energy at a lower cost. Comprised of copper (Cu), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), and/or selenium (Se), the cell's power conversion demonstrates an efficiency of 9.6 percent -- 40 percent higher than the value previously attained for this set of materials. In order to achieve progress in solar cell research, IBM is leveraging its world-class expertise in microprocessor technology, materials and manufacturing."

"In a given hour, more energy from sunlight strikes the earth than the entire planet consumes in a year, but solar cells currently contribute less than 0.1 percent of electricity supply -- primarily as a result of cost," said Dr. David Mitzi, who leads the team at IBM Research that developed the solar cell. "The quest to develop a solar technology that can compare on a cost per watt basis with the conventional electricity generation, and also offer the ability to deploy at the terawatt level, has become a major challenge that our research is moving us closer to overcoming."

The IBM researchers describe their achievement of the thin-film photovoltaic technology in a paper published in Advanced Materials this week, highlighting the solar cell's potential to accomplish the goal of producing low-cost energy that can be used widely and commercially.

The solar cell development also sets itself apart from its predecessors as it was created using a combination of solution and nanoparticle-based approaches, rather than the popular, but expensive vacuum-based technique. The production change is expected to enable much lower fabrication costs, as it is consistent with high-throughput and high materials utilization based deposition techniques including printing, dip and spray coating and slit casting.

Currently available thin film solar cell modules based upon compound semiconductors operate at 9 to 11 percent efficiency levels, and are primarily made from two costly compounds -- copper indium gallium selenide or cadmium telluride. Attempts to create affordable, earth abundant solar cells from related compounds that are free of indium, gallium or cadmium have not exceeded 6.7 percent, compared to IBM's new 9.6 efficiency rating.

Over the past several years, IBM researchers have pioneered several breakthroughs related to creating inexpensive, efficient solar cells. IBM does not plan to manufacture solar technologies, but is open to partnering with solar cell manufacturers to demonstrate the technology.

For additional insight regarding the announcement, visit: http://asmarterplanet.com/

Japan, US and China to become largest PV markets, says Neo Solar

EMSNow: "As Germany will reduce feed-in tariffs for domestic PV system installations while Japan has resumed subsidies, Japan stands a good chance of surpassing Germany to become the world's largest PV market, and will then the leading status may shift to the US and then China, according to Quincy Lin, chairman of Taiwan-based crystalline silicon solar cell maker Neo Solar Power.

PV installation demand in Germany will grow steadily the reduction in subsidization, but demand in Japan is expected to increase rapidly from about 500MWp in 2009 to 1GWp in 2011, Lin pointed out"