ScienceDirect.com - Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing - Effect of annealing on structural, optical and electrical properties of pulse electrodeposited tin sulfide films:
Polycrystalline tin sulfide (SnS) thin films were grown on conducting glass substrates by pulse electrodeposition. The effect of annealing on the physical properties such as structure, morphology, optical, and opto-electronic properties were evaluated to understand the effect of post-deposition treatment for SnS films. Annealing at temperatures higher than 250 °°C resulted in the formation of SnS2 as a second phase, however, no significant grain growth or morphological changes were observed for films after annealing at 350 °C. A small change in band gap of 0.1 eV observed for films annealed at 350 °C was interpreted as due to the formation of SnS2 rather than due to morphological changes. This interpretation was supported by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectral data. The electric conduction in the films is controlled by three shallow trap levels with activation energies 0.1, 0.05, and 0.03 eV. The trap with energy 0.03 eV disappeared after annealing at higher temperature, however, the other two traps were unaffected by annealing.
'via Blog this'
Friday, November 30, 2012
ScienceDirect.com - Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing - Controlling the diameter of silicon nanowires grown using a tin catalyst
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing - Controlling the diameter of silicon nanowires grown using a tin catalyst:
Silicon nanowires were grown on ITO-coated glass substrates via a pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, using tin as a catalyst. The thin films of catalyst, with different thicknesses in the range 10–100 nm, were deposited on the substrates by a thermal evaporation method. The effect of the thickness of the thin film catalyst on the morphology of the silicon nanowires was investigated. The scanning/transmission electron microscopy images showed that the wire diameter increased as the thickness of the thin film catalyst increased. The nanowires grown using a thin film thickness of 10 nm were inhomogeneous in diameter, whereas the other thicknesses led to an increase in the homogeneity of the diameters of the nanowires. The dominant wire diameter of the grown silicon nanowires ranged from 70 to 80 nm with 10 nm catalyst thin film thickness, and increased to a range of 190–200 nm with 100 nm catalyst thin film thickness.
'via Blog this'
Silicon nanowires were grown on ITO-coated glass substrates via a pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, using tin as a catalyst. The thin films of catalyst, with different thicknesses in the range 10–100 nm, were deposited on the substrates by a thermal evaporation method. The effect of the thickness of the thin film catalyst on the morphology of the silicon nanowires was investigated. The scanning/transmission electron microscopy images showed that the wire diameter increased as the thickness of the thin film catalyst increased. The nanowires grown using a thin film thickness of 10 nm were inhomogeneous in diameter, whereas the other thicknesses led to an increase in the homogeneity of the diameters of the nanowires. The dominant wire diameter of the grown silicon nanowires ranged from 70 to 80 nm with 10 nm catalyst thin film thickness, and increased to a range of 190–200 nm with 100 nm catalyst thin film thickness.
'via Blog this'
ScienceDirect.com - Materials Science and Engineering: B - The fabrication of SnSe/Ag nanoparticles on TiO2 nanotubes
ScienceDirect.com - Materials Science and Engineering: B - The fabrication of SnSe/Ag nanoparticles on TiO2 nanotubes:
SnSe and silver (Ag) nanoparticles were sequentially deposited on TiO2 nanotube (NT) by pulsed electrochemical deposition and polyol chemistry process, respectively. The morphological observation under scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the average size of SnSe was about 30 nm and the Ag was about 5 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) examination indicated that Ag nanoparticles exhibited a well-defined crystallinity. However, SnSe nanoparticles were amorphous and they turned to crystalline after being annealed at 300 °C in the atmosphere. The photocatalytic behavior of SnSe/Ag-TiO2 NT was evaluated by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The results showed that the deposition of SnSe and Ag nanoparticles increased light absorption intensity in the wavelength range of visible light, which implied that the SnSe/Ag-TiO2 NT is a promising ternary hybrid material in photocatalysis.
'via Blog this'
SnSe and silver (Ag) nanoparticles were sequentially deposited on TiO2 nanotube (NT) by pulsed electrochemical deposition and polyol chemistry process, respectively. The morphological observation under scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the average size of SnSe was about 30 nm and the Ag was about 5 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) examination indicated that Ag nanoparticles exhibited a well-defined crystallinity. However, SnSe nanoparticles were amorphous and they turned to crystalline after being annealed at 300 °C in the atmosphere. The photocatalytic behavior of SnSe/Ag-TiO2 NT was evaluated by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The results showed that the deposition of SnSe and Ag nanoparticles increased light absorption intensity in the wavelength range of visible light, which implied that the SnSe/Ag-TiO2 NT is a promising ternary hybrid material in photocatalysis.
'via Blog this'
Tuesday, October 23, 2012
Novel SnO2 hierarchical nanostructures: Synthesis and their gas sensing properties
ScienceDirect.com - Materials Letters - Novel SnO2 hierarchical nanostructures: Synthesis and their gas sensing properties:
In this work, 3D SnO2 with a hierarchical structure, which was built by numerous one-dimensional tetragonal prism nanorods, had been firstly synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal route at 200 °C in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The cationic surfactant CTAB played a key role in forming the 3D SnO2 hierarchical structure composed of nanorods. In addition, the novel SnO2 hierarchical structure exhibited good gas-sensing properties. The gas sensor showed good selectivity to ethanol gas. Moreover, a linear dependence of the sensitivity on the ethanol concentration was observed, it suggested that the sensor fabricated by SnO2 hierarchical structures is very suitable to detect ethanol with low concentration.
Highlights
► 3D SnO2 with a hierarchical structure had been synthesized by hydrothermal method.► The novel SnO2 hierarchical structure exhibited good gas-sensing properties. ► The reason of the sensing response enhancement has been discussed in the paper.
'via Blog this'
In this work, 3D SnO2 with a hierarchical structure, which was built by numerous one-dimensional tetragonal prism nanorods, had been firstly synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal route at 200 °C in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The cationic surfactant CTAB played a key role in forming the 3D SnO2 hierarchical structure composed of nanorods. In addition, the novel SnO2 hierarchical structure exhibited good gas-sensing properties. The gas sensor showed good selectivity to ethanol gas. Moreover, a linear dependence of the sensitivity on the ethanol concentration was observed, it suggested that the sensor fabricated by SnO2 hierarchical structures is very suitable to detect ethanol with low concentration.
Highlights
► 3D SnO2 with a hierarchical structure had been synthesized by hydrothermal method.► The novel SnO2 hierarchical structure exhibited good gas-sensing properties. ► The reason of the sensing response enhancement has been discussed in the paper.
'via Blog this'
Wednesday, October 17, 2012
ScienceDirect.com - Journal of Power Sources - Tin and Graphite based Nanocomposites: Potential Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries
ScienceDirect.com - Journal of Power Sources - Tin and Graphite based Nanocomposites: Potential Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries:
Pure tin (Sn) and a homogeneous nanocomposite of tin and graphite (C), denoted as Sn/C, have been studied as a suitable anode for sodium ion batteries. The Sn/C mixture and nanocomposites have been synthesized by high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) of pure Sn and graphite of nominal composition C-70 wt.% Sn. Pure microcrystalline Sn (≤44μm) exhibits a 1st discharge capacity ∼856mAh/g which is close to the expected theoretical capacity, however, it shows a large 1st cycle irreversible loss (∼67%) and the anticipated inevitable rapid fade in capacity expectedly due to structural failure of the electrode. On the other hand, the resultant Sn/C based mixture, synthesized by HEMM after 1h of milling, exhibits a 1st cycle discharge capacity ∼584mAh/g with a 1st cycle irreversible loss ∼30%. The Sn/C mixture shows a 1st cycle charge capacity of ∼410 mAh/g with improved capacity retention in comparison to pure Sn displaying 0.7% fade in capacity per cycle up to 20 cycles when cycled at a rate of ∼C/8. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicates that the structural integrity and microstructural stability of the Sn/C mixture during the alloying/dealloying processes appear to be the primary factors contributing to the good cyclability observed in the above HEMM derived mixture suggesting its promise as a potential anode for Na-ion systems.
Journal of Power Sources
Available online 16 October 2012
'via Blog this'
Tin and Graphite based Nanocomposites: Potential Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries
Pure tin (Sn) and a homogeneous nanocomposite of tin and graphite (C), denoted as Sn/C, have been studied as a suitable anode for sodium ion batteries. The Sn/C mixture and nanocomposites have been synthesized by high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) of pure Sn and graphite of nominal composition C-70 wt.% Sn. Pure microcrystalline Sn (≤44μm) exhibits a 1st discharge capacity ∼856mAh/g which is close to the expected theoretical capacity, however, it shows a large 1st cycle irreversible loss (∼67%) and the anticipated inevitable rapid fade in capacity expectedly due to structural failure of the electrode. On the other hand, the resultant Sn/C based mixture, synthesized by HEMM after 1h of milling, exhibits a 1st cycle discharge capacity ∼584mAh/g with a 1st cycle irreversible loss ∼30%. The Sn/C mixture shows a 1st cycle charge capacity of ∼410 mAh/g with improved capacity retention in comparison to pure Sn displaying 0.7% fade in capacity per cycle up to 20 cycles when cycled at a rate of ∼C/8. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicates that the structural integrity and microstructural stability of the Sn/C mixture during the alloying/dealloying processes appear to be the primary factors contributing to the good cyclability observed in the above HEMM derived mixture suggesting its promise as a potential anode for Na-ion systems.
Journal of Power Sources
Available online 16 October 2012
'via Blog this'
Tuesday, September 25, 2012
Facile synthesis of self-assembled SnO nano-square sheets and hydrogen absorption characteristics
ScienceDirect.com - Materials Research Bulletin - Facile synthesis of self-assembled SnO nano-square sheets and hydrogen absorption characteristics:
Stannous oxide is an important functional material which contributes to a wide range of applications in energy storage and optoelectronic devices. In the present study, the single crystalline self-assembled stannous oxide (SnO) 2D nano-square sheets have been synthesized with template-free hydrothermal growth method. The morphology, composition and structure were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. FESEM results have illustrated that the size of self-assembled 3D hierarchical polygon-shape structure of SnO is in the range of 8–12 μm and the average size of the nano-square sheets is about 100 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns have revealed that the prepared SnO nano-square sheets exist in single-crystalline nature. Two Raman modes A1g = 211 cm−1 and B1g = 113 cm−1 were observed by Raman spectroscopy, which is consistent with nano tetragonal phase SnO. Furthermore, the chemical valence of Sn and relative atomic composition of as-prepared SnO have been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ultraviolet–visible–near infrared spectrophotometry was used to study the transmittance behavior of SnO nano-structures and direct optical band gap of 3.16 eV was acquired by using Davis–Mott model. The first ever study on hydrogen absorption characteristics of SnO nano-square sheets performed at 373 K shows good absorption capacity of 1.194 wt.%.
'via Blog this'
Stannous oxide is an important functional material which contributes to a wide range of applications in energy storage and optoelectronic devices. In the present study, the single crystalline self-assembled stannous oxide (SnO) 2D nano-square sheets have been synthesized with template-free hydrothermal growth method. The morphology, composition and structure were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. FESEM results have illustrated that the size of self-assembled 3D hierarchical polygon-shape structure of SnO is in the range of 8–12 μm and the average size of the nano-square sheets is about 100 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns have revealed that the prepared SnO nano-square sheets exist in single-crystalline nature. Two Raman modes A1g = 211 cm−1 and B1g = 113 cm−1 were observed by Raman spectroscopy, which is consistent with nano tetragonal phase SnO. Furthermore, the chemical valence of Sn and relative atomic composition of as-prepared SnO have been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ultraviolet–visible–near infrared spectrophotometry was used to study the transmittance behavior of SnO nano-structures and direct optical band gap of 3.16 eV was acquired by using Davis–Mott model. The first ever study on hydrogen absorption characteristics of SnO nano-square sheets performed at 373 K shows good absorption capacity of 1.194 wt.%.
'via Blog this'
A single-source precursor route to Ag/SnO2 heterogeneous nanomaterials and its photo-catalysis in degradation of Conco Red
ScienceDirect.com - Materials Research Bulletin - A single-source precursor route to Ag/SnO2 heterogeneous nanomaterials and its photo-catalysis in degradation of Conco Red:
Ag/SnO2 heterogeneous material was obtained via directly decomposing single-source precursor Ag2SnO3 at temperature of 400 °C, owing to the in situ growth from the decomposition. This kind of heterogeneous structure was helpful to improve the photocatalysis efficiency. When Ag/SnO2 heterogeneous material was employed as photocatalysts in the degradation of Conco Red, its catalytic efficiency is 3-fold that of the mixture of Ag and SnO2 powders.
'via Blog this'
Ag/SnO2 heterogeneous material was obtained via directly decomposing single-source precursor Ag2SnO3 at temperature of 400 °C, owing to the in situ growth from the decomposition. This kind of heterogeneous structure was helpful to improve the photocatalysis efficiency. When Ag/SnO2 heterogeneous material was employed as photocatalysts in the degradation of Conco Red, its catalytic efficiency is 3-fold that of the mixture of Ag and SnO2 powders.
'via Blog this'
High-yield synthesis of SnO2 nanobelts by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition for sensor applications
ScienceDirect.com - Materials Research Bulletin - High-yield synthesis of SnO2 nanobelts by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition for sensor applications:
Well-crystallized one-dimensional (1D) SnO2 nanobelts were in situ prepared using a simple water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The small Sn particles with Au-modifications were used as source materials instead of big size Sn grains to ensure the high yield of SnO2 belts. The Au layer was modified on the small Sn particles by treating Sn powders in HAuCl4 solution combined with the UV irradiation. The as-prepared SnO2 nanobelts were characterized by SEM, HRTEM, XRD, EDS and XPS. These results indicate that the growth temperature plays an important role in controlling the length-to-width ratio of nanobelts. The length-to-width ratio decreases with the growth temperature from 850 °C to 1000 °C. The nanobelts prepared at 850 °C shows a single-crystalline tetragonal rutile phase with a high length-to-width ratio (approximately tens of microns in length and 40–70 nm in width). However, below 850 °C, nanobelts cannot be formed. The as-prepared nanobelts exhibited excellent sensing properties compared with SnO2 nanoparticles and high sensing selectivity towards NO2. The high sensing selectivity to NO2 is attributed to the oxygen vacancies presenting in the as-prepared nanobelts.
'via Blog this'
Well-crystallized one-dimensional (1D) SnO2 nanobelts were in situ prepared using a simple water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The small Sn particles with Au-modifications were used as source materials instead of big size Sn grains to ensure the high yield of SnO2 belts. The Au layer was modified on the small Sn particles by treating Sn powders in HAuCl4 solution combined with the UV irradiation. The as-prepared SnO2 nanobelts were characterized by SEM, HRTEM, XRD, EDS and XPS. These results indicate that the growth temperature plays an important role in controlling the length-to-width ratio of nanobelts. The length-to-width ratio decreases with the growth temperature from 850 °C to 1000 °C. The nanobelts prepared at 850 °C shows a single-crystalline tetragonal rutile phase with a high length-to-width ratio (approximately tens of microns in length and 40–70 nm in width). However, below 850 °C, nanobelts cannot be formed. The as-prepared nanobelts exhibited excellent sensing properties compared with SnO2 nanoparticles and high sensing selectivity towards NO2. The high sensing selectivity to NO2 is attributed to the oxygen vacancies presenting in the as-prepared nanobelts.
'via Blog this'
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films deposition by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. The substrate temperature was varied from 280 to 360 °C in order to investigate its influence on CZTS films properties. The deposition rate shows two activation energies 0.16 and 0.53 eV, respectively at low and high substrate temperatures. This indicates that CZTS deposition by spray pyrolysis passes by two different processes with increasing temperature substrate. The temperature 320 °C corresponds to the transition between these two processes. The X rays diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the deposited films have a kesterite hexagonal structure with (1 1 2) preferential orientation and a crystalline size, ranged from 30 to 52 nm with increasing substrate temperature. Stannate ZnSnO3 is present as a secondary phase. The presence of this secondary phase causes films optical band broadening. Broad emissions at around 1.27 eV was observed in the photoluminescence spectrum measured at 77 K, it is accompanied with a small peak located at 1.75 eV due the presence of zinc stannate phase ZnSnO3.
ScienceDirect.com - Journal of Alloys and Compounds - Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films deposition by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis:
'via Blog this'
ScienceDirect.com - Journal of Alloys and Compounds - Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films deposition by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis:
'via Blog this'
Thursday, September 13, 2012
A facile and low cost synthesis of earth abundant element Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals: Effect of Cu concentrations
Abstract
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized by sulfurization of microwave assisted precursor powders without toxic chemicals. The effects of different Cu concentration from 0.01 to 0.025 M on the structural, morphological, compositional, chemical and optical properties of CZTS NCs were investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy results showed that the precursor powder contains several broad peaks that could not be assigned to CZTS, ZnS, Cu2-xS, Sn2S3 and Cu2SnS3. However, the sulfurized NCs showed both kesterite CZTS and Cu- and Sn-based secondary phases except for that formed at Cu concentration of 0.02 M. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) results showed that the presence of Cu in the sulfurized CZTS NCs increased with increasing Cu concentration from 16.57 to 32.94 at.% while Zn and Sn in the sulfurized CZTS NCs decreased with increasing Cu concentration. UV–Vis spectroscopy results showed that the absorption coefficient of the sulfurized NCs was over 104 cm−1 in the visible region and band gap energy of the sulfurized CZTS NCs decreased from 1.65 to 1.28 eV with increasing Cu concentration.
Highlights
► Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals (NCs) were prepared by sulfurization of microwave assisted precursor without toxic chemicals. ► Effect of Cu concentration on the properties of CZTS NCs was investigated using various analysis methods. ► The properties of CZTS NCs was strongly related to the Cu concentrations.
Seung Wook Shin (a), Jun Hee Han (a), Chan Yeong Park (b), Sae-Rok Kim (b), Yeon Chan Park (b), G.L. Agawane (b), A.V. Moholkar (c), Jae Ho Yun (d), Chae Hwan Jeong (e), Jeong Yong Lee (a), Jin Hyeok Kim (b)
a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
b Photonics Technology Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
c Electrochemical Mat. Lab, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416-004, India
d Photovoltaic Research Group, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 71-2 Jang-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
e Solar City Center, Development of Advanced Components & Materials Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwangju 500-480, South Korea
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Volume 541, 15 November 2012, Pages 192–197
ScienceDirect.com - Journal of Alloys and Compounds - A facile and low cost synthesis of earth abundant element Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals: Effect of Cu concentrations:
Martensitic transition of Mn-rich Pd–Mn–Sn alloy
Abstract
A new magnetic shape memory alloy Pd2Mn1.46Sn0.54 has been synthesized. It was found that in the austenite phase Pd2Mn1.46Sn0.54 crystallizes in the L21 structure. It was confirmed from the low temperature X-ray diffraction measurements that the martensite phase of Pd2Mn1.46Sn0.56 has an orthorhombic four-layered structure. The magnetization versus temperature curve of Pd2Mn1.46Sn0.54 is very similar to those of the Ni–Mn–Z (Z = In, Sn and Sb) magnetic shape memory alloys; the paramagnetic–ferromagnetic transition appears in the austenite phase with decreasing temperature. With further decrease of temperature, the magnetization and permeability decrease abruptly at the martensitic transition temperature. The martensite phase remains ferromagnetic at low temperatures.
Highlights
► This is the first report of clear evidence of the martensitic transition in Pd–Mn–Sn new material. ► Pd2Mn1.46Sn0.54 exhibits martensitic transition from ferromagnetic L21 phase to paramagnetic 4O phase. ► A smaller magnetic moment of Pd than that of Ni for other Ni-based shape memory alloys is suggested.
T. Kanomata (a, b), Y. Chieda (a), H. Okada (a), H. Nishihara (c), A. Kimura (d), M. Nagasako (b), R.Y. Umetsu (e), R. Kainuma (b), K.R.A. Ziebeck (f)
a Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku Gakuin University, Tagajo 985-8537, Japan
b Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
c Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu 520-2194, Japan
d Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
e Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
f Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Volume 541, 15 November 2012, Pages 392–395
ScienceDirect.com - Journal of Alloys and Compounds - Martensitic transition of Mn-rich Pd–Mn–Sn alloy:
'via Blog this'
Studies of CoSn grains in the carbon matrix structure of nanostructured tin–cobalt–carbon
Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to qualitatively analyze the structure of Sn30Co30C40 alloys produced by vertical axis mechanical attriting to those produced by magnetron sputter deposition. From SANS and TEM, CoSn grains embedded in a carbon matrix structure were observed for all samples. The size of CoSn grains in the attrited samples was approximately 10 ± 3 nm by both TEM and SANS, while that of the sputtered samples was about 7 times smaller.
Highlights
► Sn–Co–C alloys as negative electrode for Li-ion batteries. ► Sn–Co–C alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and by sputtering. ► CoSn grains embedded in carbon matrix structure was observed from SANS and TEM. ► SANS quickly characterized Sn–Co–C alloys equivalently to TEM.
P.P. Ferguson (a), M.D. Fleischauerb (b), J.M. LaForge (c), A.D.W. Todd (d), P. Li (b), J.R. Dahna, (e),
a Dept. of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3J5
b NRC, National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2M9
c Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2V4
d NRC Institute for National Measurements Standards, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
e Institute for Research in Materials, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3J5
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Volume 541, 15 November 2012, Pages 168–172
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925838812012339
Friday, September 7, 2012
Enhanced ethanol sensing properties of Zn-doped SnO2 porous hollow microspheres
Zn-doped SnO2 porous hollow microspheres with an average diameter of ∼180 nm have been prepared by a direct precipitation method using colloidal carbon sphere as template. The XRD data disclosed that the structure of the Zn-doped SnO2 microspheres was the same as pure SnO2, while the crystallite size of Zn-doped SnO2 microspheres (10.63 nm) was smaller than SnO2 (23.2 nm). The sensing measurement showed that the response (Ra/Rg) increased near linearly with the ethanol gas concentration at the operating temperature of 240 °C. Compared with SnO2 microspheres, Zn-doped SnO2 porous hollow spheres exhibited a significant improvement for the response towards ethanol at 240 °C. The response of Zn-doped SnO2 microspheres was up to 3 when the sensor was exposed to 2 ppm C2H5OH, with the response and recovery times of 7 and 4 s, respectively. Additionally, the response of Zn-doped SnO2 sensor showed slight variation after 15 weeks storage. The results indicated that Zn-doped SnO2 microspheres are of great potential for fabricating C2H5OH sensors with high performance.
Applied Surface Science
Available online 4 September 2012
In Press, Accepted Manuscript — Note to users
Wenchuang Wang, Yongtao Tian, , Xinjian Li, Xinchang Wang, Hao He, Yurui Xu, Chuan He
Department of Physics and Laboratory of Material Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
ScienceDirect.com - Applied Surface Science - Enhanced ethanol sensing properties of Zn-doped SnO2 porous hollow microspheres:
'via Blog this'
Applied Surface Science
Available online 4 September 2012
In Press, Accepted Manuscript — Note to users
Wenchuang Wang, Yongtao Tian, , Xinjian Li, Xinchang Wang, Hao He, Yurui Xu, Chuan He
Department of Physics and Laboratory of Material Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
ScienceDirect.com - Applied Surface Science - Enhanced ethanol sensing properties of Zn-doped SnO2 porous hollow microspheres:
'via Blog this'
Thursday, August 16, 2012
A highly selective fluorescence sensor for Tin (Sn 4+) and its application in imaging live cells
Scopus: A naphthalimide-rhodamine B derivative was synthesized as a fluorescence turn-ON chemodosimeter for Sn 4 . A colour change and marked enhancement of fluorescence was found in the presence of Sn 4 , Cu 2 and Cr 3 due to the ring open reaction of rhodamine and a fluorescence resonance energy transfer process. Addition of the strong chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) partly released the cation from the complex with Sn 4 and restored the yellow fluorescence. In addition, the compound can be used as a fluorescent probe for Sn 4 in biological systems and may act as a tool with which to study the physiological functions of tin or pathogenesis in the human body
Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
Volume 10, Issue 33, 7 September 2012, Pages 6740-6746
A highly selective fluorescence sensor for Tin (Sn 4+) and its application in imaging live cells
Wang, Q., Li, C., Zou, Y., Wang, H., Yi, T. , Huang, C.
Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, China
Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
Volume 10, Issue 33, 7 September 2012, Pages 6740-6746
A highly selective fluorescence sensor for Tin (Sn 4+) and its application in imaging live cells
Wang, Q., Li, C., Zou, Y., Wang, H., Yi, T. , Huang, C.
Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, China
Monday, August 13, 2012
First-principles study on the magnetic properties of six potential half-metallic ferromagnets: Alkaline-earth (Ca, Sr) doped XC (X=Si, Ge, Sn)
Computational Materials Science: Six half-metallic ferromagnets X0.75Y0.25C (X=Si, Ge, Sn and Y=Ca and Sr) with zinc-blende structure, resulting from alkaline-earth (Ca, Sr) substitution for X, are predicted based on the density functional theory. The calculated total magnetic moments of these ferromagnets are all integer 2.00μB per supercell, which are one of important characters of half-metallic ferromagnets. Our calculations indicate that X0.75Y0.25C have wide spin gap and potentially have high Curie temperature. Alkaline-earth doping results in the spin-polarization and half-metallicity of these compounds. It is confirmed that the p–d exchange coupling is responsible for the ferromagnetism of X0.75Y0.25C.
Computational Materials Science
Volume 65, December 2012, Pages 1–5
First-principles study on the magnetic properties of six potential half-metallic ferromagnets: Alkaline-earth (Ca, Sr) doped XC (X = Si, Ge, Sn)
Xiao-Ping Wei, Jian-Bo Deng, Hong Deng, Shi-Bin Chu, Xian-Ru Hu,
Department of Physics, LanZhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
Received 29 March 2012. Revised 2 June 2012. Accepted 12 June 2012. Available online 24 July 2012.
Computational Materials Science
Volume 65, December 2012, Pages 1–5
First-principles study on the magnetic properties of six potential half-metallic ferromagnets: Alkaline-earth (Ca, Sr) doped XC (X = Si, Ge, Sn)
Xiao-Ping Wei, Jian-Bo Deng, Hong Deng, Shi-Bin Chu, Xian-Ru Hu,
Department of Physics, LanZhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
Received 29 March 2012. Revised 2 June 2012. Accepted 12 June 2012. Available online 24 July 2012.
Magnetic properties and structural transformations in Ni–Co–Mn–Sn multifunctional alloys
Acta Materialia: A systematic study of the magnetic properties and both the temperature and magnetic-field-induced structural transformations in the Ni50−xCoxMn39Sn11 (0⩽x⩽10) multifunctional alloys over a large temperature range from 500 K down to 10 K was performed. It is revealed that, with increasing x, the martensitic transformation temperatures first decrease slowly when 0⩽x⩽4 and then decrease rapidly when 5⩽x⩽8; no martensitic transformation was observed in the alloys with 9⩽x⩽10. The magnetic properties of these alloys are very sensitive to their chemical composition. The austenite in the alloys with 0⩽x⩽4 shows paramagnetic behavior and the martensite exhibits paramagnetic, superparamagnetic (SPM), and superspin glass (SSG) behaviors in different temperature ranges during cooling. In contrast, the austenite in the alloys with 5⩽x⩽8 is paramagnetic above its Curie temperature TC and ferromagnetic below TC, and the martensite shows SPM and SSG behaviors in different temperature ranges. The austenite in the alloys with 9⩽x⩽10, which remains stable down to 10 K, shows paramagnetic and ferromagnetic behaviors above and below TC, respectively. The complete phase diagram for the Ni50−xCoxMn39Sn11 (0⩽x⩽10) alloy system, from high temperature down to 10 K, is established. A significant magnetic-field-induced decrease of martensitic transformation temperatures and almost fully reversible magnetic-field-induced structural transformation are achieved across a broad temperature range in the alloys with 5⩽x⩽8. These results are important for understanding the composition and temperature-dependent functional properties, as well as their underlying mechanisms, in the Ni–(Co)–Mn–X (X = In, Sn, Sb) multifunctional alloys.
Acta Materialia
Volume 60, Issues 13–14, August 2012, Pages 5335–5351
Magnetic properties and structural transformations in Ni–Co–Mn–Sn multifunctional alloys
D.Y. Cong, , S. Roth, L. Schultz
Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
Received 18 January 2012. Revised 11 June 2012. Accepted 18 June 2012. Available online 24 July 2012.
Acta Materialia
Volume 60, Issues 13–14, August 2012, Pages 5335–5351
Magnetic properties and structural transformations in Ni–Co–Mn–Sn multifunctional alloys
D.Y. Cong, , S. Roth, L. Schultz
Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
Received 18 January 2012. Revised 11 June 2012. Accepted 18 June 2012. Available online 24 July 2012.
Wednesday, July 25, 2012
The effect of Sn addition on the crystallization and thermal stability of Cu–Zr–Ti metallic glasses
Journal of Alloys and Compounds This paper describes the effect of Sn addition on the thermal and structural behaviour of (Cu60Zr25Ti15)100−xSnx (x=0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) alloys.
Expansion of the amorphous phase causing larger inter-atomic distances is observed with increasing Sn content. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the onset of the first crystallization temperature (Tx) shifts to higher temperatures for alloys with increased Sn content. These, together with the increase in the activation energy of the 1st crystallization peak obtained from Kissinger analysis indicate the enhanced thermal stability of the alloys with increasing Sn content. Sn addition also widened super cooled liquid region of the alloys. TEM and XRD studies show nucleation of nano crystals associated with the first exothermic events. The size of the nano crystals increased from 6 to 20 nm when the Sn content varied from 0 to 4 at.%. A plausible explanation is invoked for the increase in the size of nano crystals with increase in Sn content. Irrespective of the Sn content all the alloys transform to Cu51Zr14 crystalline phase after the second exothermic peak.
Glass transition temperature of the alloys varies with heating rate following Lasocka’s relationship; using the relationship, the theoretical limits of the low temperature range of the glass transformation region, i.e. for the heating rate β = 1, of these alloys are also estimated.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Volume 537, 5 October 2012, Pages 275–279
The effect of Sn addition on the crystallization and thermal stability of Cu–Zr–Ti metallic glasses
Ansu J. Kailath, , Soumen Mandal
CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, India
Received 1 November 2011. Revised 11 April 2012. Accepted 12 April 2012. Available online 7 May 2012.
Expansion of the amorphous phase causing larger inter-atomic distances is observed with increasing Sn content. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the onset of the first crystallization temperature (Tx) shifts to higher temperatures for alloys with increased Sn content. These, together with the increase in the activation energy of the 1st crystallization peak obtained from Kissinger analysis indicate the enhanced thermal stability of the alloys with increasing Sn content. Sn addition also widened super cooled liquid region of the alloys. TEM and XRD studies show nucleation of nano crystals associated with the first exothermic events. The size of the nano crystals increased from 6 to 20 nm when the Sn content varied from 0 to 4 at.%. A plausible explanation is invoked for the increase in the size of nano crystals with increase in Sn content. Irrespective of the Sn content all the alloys transform to Cu51Zr14 crystalline phase after the second exothermic peak.
Glass transition temperature of the alloys varies with heating rate following Lasocka’s relationship; using the relationship, the theoretical limits of the low temperature range of the glass transformation region, i.e. for the heating rate β = 1, of these alloys are also estimated.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Volume 537, 5 October 2012, Pages 275–279
The effect of Sn addition on the crystallization and thermal stability of Cu–Zr–Ti metallic glasses
Ansu J. Kailath, , Soumen Mandal
CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007, India
Received 1 November 2011. Revised 11 April 2012. Accepted 12 April 2012. Available online 7 May 2012.
Monday, July 23, 2012
Hydrogen generation through rolling using Al-Sn alloy
Scopus: Mechanically treated aluminum-tin (Al-Sn) alloy, a novel hydrogen-generating material, was fabricated and found to react directly and immediately with water at room temperature.
The maximum yield of hydrogen per unit volume of alloy was 2259 mL/cm 3 (0.202 g/cm 3). The mass ratio of the generated hydrogen and the Al-Sn alloy material was 4.86%. This percentage is much higher than that of traditional hydrogen storage alloys and can compete with metal hydrides. The combination of Al-Sn alloy powder and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) produced a new kind of Al-Sn/CNT composite that also reacts with water at room temperature. Al-Sn/CNT composites were synthesized using a high temperature and high-pressure method. When CNT content was held constant, composites with single-walled CNTs had higher reaction rates than those with multi-walled CNTs. The effects of mechanical treatment and CNT addition on enhancing the reaction between Al-Sn alloys or Al-Sn/CNTs and water were also analysed
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Volume 37, Issue 15, August 2012, Pages 11012-11020
Hydrogen generation through rolling using Al-Sn alloy
Hu, X.a, Zhu, G.a, Zhang, Y.abc , Wang, Y.a, Gu, M.a, Yang, S.a, Song, P.a, Li, X.a, Fang, H.b, Jiang, G.c, Wang, Z.c
a Department of Physics, Laboratory of Materials Physics, Zhengzhou University, No. 75, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
b Henan SF Diamond Co, Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
c School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central-south University, Changsha 410083, China
The maximum yield of hydrogen per unit volume of alloy was 2259 mL/cm 3 (0.202 g/cm 3). The mass ratio of the generated hydrogen and the Al-Sn alloy material was 4.86%. This percentage is much higher than that of traditional hydrogen storage alloys and can compete with metal hydrides. The combination of Al-Sn alloy powder and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) produced a new kind of Al-Sn/CNT composite that also reacts with water at room temperature. Al-Sn/CNT composites were synthesized using a high temperature and high-pressure method. When CNT content was held constant, composites with single-walled CNTs had higher reaction rates than those with multi-walled CNTs. The effects of mechanical treatment and CNT addition on enhancing the reaction between Al-Sn alloys or Al-Sn/CNTs and water were also analysed
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Volume 37, Issue 15, August 2012, Pages 11012-11020
Hydrogen generation through rolling using Al-Sn alloy
Hu, X.a, Zhu, G.a, Zhang, Y.abc , Wang, Y.a, Gu, M.a, Yang, S.a, Song, P.a, Li, X.a, Fang, H.b, Jiang, G.c, Wang, Z.c
a Department of Physics, Laboratory of Materials Physics, Zhengzhou University, No. 75, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
b Henan SF Diamond Co, Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
c School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central-south University, Changsha 410083, China
Friday, July 6, 2012
Synthesis of branched Sn/carbon nanotube core/shell structures
ScienceDirect.coms: Branched Sn/carbon nanotube (CNT) core/shell structures were synthesized by employing the catalytic chemical vapor deposition method over SnO2 nanowires for the first time. Detailed analysis showed that the backbones are mainly composed of CNTs, and the branches have a core/shell structure with a Sn nanowire as the core and a CNT as the shell. The thickness of the carbon layer capped on the Sn nanowires is about 20nm. The Sn nanowires have lengths of about several micrometers and diameters of about 40nm. A formation mechanism of the branched nanostructures is suggested.
Monday, June 11, 2012
Tin droplets for LPP EUV sources
Scopus: The tin droplet generator is a key component of EUV LPP sources.Small tin droplets, when combined with a high power laser, form a regenerative target with high CE. A major challenge associated with today's EUV sources is energy stability, which directly correlates with the stability of the fuel delivery system. The LEC droplet dispenser is now in its 5th generation design, with several years of development, including studies of different nozzle types, excitation mechanisms, thermal management approaches and contamination control systems. The dispenser produces droplets in the frequency range required for both metrology and HVM EUV sources. The two relevant instability modes are drop-to-drop jitter and lateral instabilities. The low frequency content of the lateral droplet displacement is compensated by a newly implemented dispenser positioning system. The drop-to-drop jitter, which is studied over 2000 s, equals 11.2% (3σ) of the mean droplet spacing, which makes individual droplet laser triggering necessary. The lateral instabilities, which are mainly relevant in the plane perpendicular to the laser axis, are determined to be in the range of 7.1% (3σ) of the droplet diameter. The lateral displacements are recorded over 2.2 hrs. The related EUV temporal energy stability (open-loop) is estimated to be 0.35% (3σ) for the worst case scenario, a laser spot size which matches the droplet diameter.
Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume 8322, 2012, Article number 83222P
Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography III;San Jose, CA;13 February 2012through16 February 2012;Code89897
Tin droplets for LPP EUV sources ( Conference Paper )
Rollinger, B. , Bozinova, L., Gambino, N., Abhari, R.S.
Laboratory for Energy Conversion, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume 8322, 2012, Article number 83222P
Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography III;San Jose, CA;13 February 2012through16 February 2012;Code89897
Tin droplets for LPP EUV sources ( Conference Paper )
Rollinger, B. , Bozinova, L., Gambino, N., Abhari, R.S.
Laboratory for Energy Conversion, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Hydrogen generation through rolling using Al-Sn alloy
Scopus: Mechanically treated aluminum-tin (Al-Sn) alloy, a novel hydrogen-generating material, was fabricated and found to react directly and immediately with water at room temperature. The maximum yield of hydrogen per unit volume of alloy was 2259 mL/cm 3 (0.202 g/cm 3). The mass ratio of the generated hydrogen and the Al-Sn alloy material was 4.86%. This percentage is much higher than that of traditional hydrogen storage alloys and can compete with metal hydrides. The combination of Al-Sn alloy powder and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) produced a new kind of Al-Sn/CNT composite that also reacts with water at room temperature. Al-Sn/CNT composites were synthesized using a high temperature and high-pressure method. When CNT content was held constant, composites with single-walled CNTs had higher reaction rates than those with multi-walled CNTs. The effects of mechanical treatment and CNT addition on enhancing the reaction between Al-Sn alloys or Al-Sn/CNTs and water were also analysed
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
2012
Hydrogen generation through rolling using Al-Sn alloy ( Article in press )
Hu, X.a, Zhu, G.a, Zhang, Y.abc , Wang, Y.a, Gu, M.a, Yang, S.a, Song, P.a, Li, X.a, Fang, H.b, Jiang, G.c, Wang, Z.c
a Department of Physics and Laboratory of Materials Physics, Zhengzhou University, No. 75, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
b Henan SF Diamond Co, Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
c School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central-south University, Changsha 410083, China
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
2012
Hydrogen generation through rolling using Al-Sn alloy ( Article in press )
Hu, X.a, Zhu, G.a, Zhang, Y.abc , Wang, Y.a, Gu, M.a, Yang, S.a, Song, P.a, Li, X.a, Fang, H.b, Jiang, G.c, Wang, Z.c
a Department of Physics and Laboratory of Materials Physics, Zhengzhou University, No. 75, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China
b Henan SF Diamond Co, Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
c School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central-south University, Changsha 410083, China
Wednesday, May 16, 2012
Effect of copper matrix solder system on the lifespan of diamond drill
Scopus: Brazed Ti-coated diamond core drills were experimentally prepared using(Cu 80Sn 20) 90Ti 10, (Cu 90Sn 10) 82Ti 18 and (Cu 90Sn 10) 80Ti 20 as solder system. These diamond core drills were tested by drilling granite. The effect of the solder systems on the lifespan of diamond drills were detected by three dimension video microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the three kinds of alloy have all realized a firm brazing with diamonds; the diamond drill made with (Cu 80Sn 20) 90Ti 10 solder system had the longest working life.
Jingangshi yu Moliao Moju Gongcheng/Diamond and Abrasives Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 1, February 2012, Pages 64-67
Effect of copper matrix solder system on the lifespan of diamond drill
Guo, Z.-C. , Chen, Y., Wu, J.
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
Jingangshi yu Moliao Moju Gongcheng/Diamond and Abrasives Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 1, February 2012, Pages 64-67
Effect of copper matrix solder system on the lifespan of diamond drill
Guo, Z.-C. , Chen, Y., Wu, J.
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
AWWA urges planning for new "lead free" definition
AWWA: AWWA has alerted its member utilities to begin planning to comply with the new and tougher Safe Drinking Water Act definition of "lead free" that takes effect Jan. 4, 2014. As of that date, all pipe, pipe or plumbing fitting or fixture, and solder and flux used to install or repair public water system or customer drinking water plumbing must comply with the new definition:
Not containing more than 0.2 percent lead when used with respect to solder and flux.
Not more than a weighted average of 0.25 percent lead when used with respect to the wetted surfaces of pipes, pipe fittings, plumbing fittings, and fixtures.
While the US Environmental Protection Agency is still developing regulations to implement the law, AWWA suggests several steps water systems can take now, including etablishing procurement processes, developing inventory control mechanisms and adopting maintenance practices.
Also, a forum on the topic will be held at the AWWA Annual Conference on Monday, June 11, from 3:45 - 5:00 p.m. in Room D164 of the Dallas Convention Center. Speakers from EPA, the National Sanitation Foundation and various manufacturers will summarize their efforts to assist utilities with compliance.
Not containing more than 0.2 percent lead when used with respect to solder and flux.
Not more than a weighted average of 0.25 percent lead when used with respect to the wetted surfaces of pipes, pipe fittings, plumbing fittings, and fixtures.
While the US Environmental Protection Agency is still developing regulations to implement the law, AWWA suggests several steps water systems can take now, including etablishing procurement processes, developing inventory control mechanisms and adopting maintenance practices.
Also, a forum on the topic will be held at the AWWA Annual Conference on Monday, June 11, from 3:45 - 5:00 p.m. in Room D164 of the Dallas Convention Center. Speakers from EPA, the National Sanitation Foundation and various manufacturers will summarize their efforts to assist utilities with compliance.
Effects of Sr and Sn on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg–Zr–Ca magnesium alloy for biomedical applications
ScienceDirect.com: Magnesium based alloy is a biodegradable metal that has significant potential advantages as an implant material. Element alloying is one of the effective methods to modify the performance of the magnesium alloy. In the paper, Sr and Sn as alloy elements were simultaneously added into the Mg–Zr–Ca alloy to improve the corrosion resistance. The differences of Mg–Zr–Ca alloy and Mg–Zr–Ca–Sr–Sn alloy were compared. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analysis the phases and the microstructure of the alloys. The results indicated that the addition of Sn could form Mg2Sn mainly within the grain interior; Sr phase was mainly detected along the grain boundary. Immersion tests and electrochemical measurements showed that the corrosion resistance was improved obviously with simultaneous addition of Sr and Sn in Mg–Zr–Ca alloy.
It suggested that bio-magnesium based alloy can use Sr and Sn as effective alloy elements to modify its performance.
Materials & Design
Volume 39, August 2012, Pages 379–383
Short Communication
Effects of Sr and Sn on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg–Zr–Ca magnesium alloy for biomedical applications
Wenjin Zhanga, Meiheng Lia, , , , Qian Chena, Wangyu Hua, Wenmei Zhangb, Wang Xina
a College of Physics and Microelectronics Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
b College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
Received 16 January 2012. Accepted 3 March 2012. Available online 10 March 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.03.006, How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Cited by in Scopus (0)
Permissions & Reprints
It suggested that bio-magnesium based alloy can use Sr and Sn as effective alloy elements to modify its performance.
Materials & Design
Volume 39, August 2012, Pages 379–383
Short Communication
Effects of Sr and Sn on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg–Zr–Ca magnesium alloy for biomedical applications
Wenjin Zhanga, Meiheng Lia, , , , Qian Chena, Wangyu Hua, Wenmei Zhangb, Wang Xina
a College of Physics and Microelectronics Science, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
b College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
Received 16 January 2012. Accepted 3 March 2012. Available online 10 March 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.03.006, How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Cited by in Scopus (0)
Permissions & Reprints
Partitioning of coal contaminants in the components of liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cells
ScienceDirect.coms: Direct carbon fuel cells (DCFCs) electrochemically convert fossil fuels to electricity, resulting in higher efficiency and less pollution than traditional direct combustion technologies. This work focuses on direct use of coal in a liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell (LTA SOFC) where a layer of molten tin functions as the anode. In such a direct solid fueling scheme, a major technical concern is the ultimate disposition of trace materials naturally present in the coal.
Trace contaminants introduced with the coal must be located in the functional portions of the LTA SOFC to ensure that any deleterious reactions are known and ultimately mitigated. This research effort determines the thermochemical contaminant partitioning between the tin anode, slag, or electrolyte material and examines the critical interfaces within the system. Contaminant partitioning was examined by TEM, SEM/EDS, and ICP–OES/MS. Sulfur is known to poison yttria-stabalized zirconia (YSZ) and appears to form a tin sulfide phase that is dispersed in the liquid tin during operation. Results show that tin oxide formed on and near the YSZ electrolyte, and could potentially degrade charge transfer.
The slag was found to consist of the expected metal oxides, however, tin and tin oxide were intermixed with the slag component, indicating a probable need for a tin recovery process that will potentially increase the complexity of an LTA SOFC system.
Journal of Power Sources
Volume 211, 1 August 2012, Pages 192–201
Partitioning of coal contaminants in the components of liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cells
Benjamin C. Nielsena, b, , , Kirk Gerdesc, William O’Connora, Xueyan Songd, Harry Abernathyc
a National Energy Technology Laboratory, 1450 Queen Ave. SW, Albany, OR 97321, United States
b URS Corporation (NETL site contractor), United States
c National Energy Technology Laboratory, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd., Morgantown, WV 26507, United States
d West Virginia University, Engineering Sciences Bldg, Evansdale Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
Received 21 December 2011. Revised 15 March 2012. Accepted 17 March 2012. Available online 7 April 2012.
Tuesday, May 1, 2012
90Y-labeled tin fluoride colloid as a promising therapeutic agent: Preparation, characterization, and biological study in rats
Scopus: In this study, tin fluoride colloid (SnF-c) was prepared, labeled with yttrium-90 ( 90Y), and characterized with respect to its physicochemical properties and biological behavior in an animal model. Particle size of SnF-c, at constant concentration of SnF 2, was dependent on pH, concentration of sodium fluoride (NaF), temperature, and time. The particle size of SnF-c decreased with an increase in NaF concentration and a decrease in reaction mixture pH. Radiolabeling yield of 90Y-SnF-c at higher temperature increased and it was greater than 98% for the preparation at 95'C. The 90Y-SnF-c demonstrated high in vitro stability both in human serum and human synovial fluid at 37'C up to 7 days. In vivo distribution studies in healthy male Wistar rats of 90Y-SnF-c (particles <1 μm), following intravenous administration, revealed that the localization takes place preferably in the liver. The 90Y-SnF-c (particles >1 μm) was well retained in the synovial space for 96 h after intra-articular injection, whereas leakage of 90Y from the joint was 1.96% over this period. Because of high labeling yield and stability, 90Y-SnF-c might be a promising agent for radiosynovectomy or therapy of liver malignancies
Dehydrogenation of n-butane to butadiene over Pt-Sn/MgO-Al 2O 3
Scopus: Butadiene demand is expected to increase rapidly, particularly in developing countries. We developed a new production process of butadiene that will allow suppliers to produce sufficient amount of butadiene. In this study, we focused on n-butane dehydrogenation, and evaluated the activity of Pt-Sn catalysts supported on Fe 2O 3-Al 2O 3, ZnO-Al 2O 3 and MgO-Al 2O 3 prepared by the co-precipitation method. Pt-Sn/MgO-Al 2O 3 (Mg/Al = 1/2) showed the highest activity and butadiene yield. Support composition of MgO-Al 2O 3 influenced the catalyst activity. The catalysts underwent deactivation owing to coke deposits over the catalyst, and their activity was recovered after regeneration treatment. Addition of Mg was effective in suppressing coke formation, as revealed by TG-DTA analysis. Reaction temperature and Sn/Pt molar ratio were changed effectively in order to increase the butadiene yield, and the results showed that Sn suppresses the side reaction over the support surface. Sintering of Pt particles was inhibited by the addition of Mg and Sn
Preparation and characterization of tin oxide, SnO 2 nanoparticles decorated graphene
Scopus: SnO 2 nanoparticles/graphene (SnO 2/GP) nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile microwave method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the nanocomposite corresponded to the diffraction peak typical of graphene and the rutile phase of SnO 2 with tetragonal structure. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images revealed that the graphene sheets were dotted with SnO 2 nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the development of SnO 2/GP resulted from the removal of the oxygenous groups on graphene oxide (GO) by Sn 2 ions. The nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed excellent enhancement of electrochemical performance when interacting with mercury(II) ions in potassium chloride supporting electrolyte. The current was increased by more than tenfold, suggesting its potential to be used as a mercury(II) sensor
Lim, H.N.a , Nurzulaikha, R.b, Harrison, I.b, Lim, S.S.b, Tan, W.T.a, Yeo, M.C.a, Yarmo, M.A.c, Huang, N.M.d
a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
b School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
c School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43000 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
d Department of Physics, Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, University of Malaya, 53400 Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
Lim, H.N.a , Nurzulaikha, R.b, Harrison, I.b, Lim, S.S.b, Tan, W.T.a, Yeo, M.C.a, Yarmo, M.A.c, Huang, N.M.d
a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
b School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
c School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43000 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
d Department of Physics, Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, University of Malaya, 53400 Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
Some considerations on processing cassiterite-bearing polymetallic sulphide ores in China
Scopus: Tin resources are mainly distributed in Yunnan and Guangxi autonomous regions, China. Tin ores in these areas are characterized by polymetallic constituents, including copper, zinc, lead and other associated elements that can be recovered. Due to the complex mineral composition and texture of the ores, gravity concentration, flotation as well as some combined processing techniques used in some major concentrators are reviewed and discussed. Case study shows that the comprehensive utilization of the tin ores can be realized to produce some marketable products for smelters. But much work on recovery of the fine fractions of tin shall still be done to get a good processing performance for the resource sustainable development.
Research of preparation and ultraviolet shielding for nanometer powder of tin dioxide coated with zinc oxide
Scopuss: The preparation of tin dioxide coated with zinc oxide nanometer powder by factional homogeneous precipitation method is reported in this paper. The diameter of prepared nanometer powder is 32nm. UV shielding, XRD, SEM and EDS of prepared nanometer powder have been investigated. The results show that tin dioxide coated with zinc oxide nanometer powder has excellent UV-shielding performance, and the UV shielding characteristic is better than single tin dioxide or zinc oxide used.
Monday, April 30, 2012
New metal alloy electrode designed for plus-sized ions
PhysOrg: Storing energy from wind farms and releasing that electricity on demand requires high-capacity, low-cost batteries; sodium-ion batteries could be part of the answer now, thanks to fundamental insights garnered by scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Instead of force-fitting larger sodium ions into the battery electrodes built for much smaller lithium ions, the research team designed an electrode based on the ion's character, not its circumference. The new electrode or anode is built from a tin and antimony alloy, with specially designed carbon support. This durable new material can store nearly twice as much energy as a carbon electrode in the popular lithium-ion battery.
Metals for Energy & Environment 2012
Metals for Energy & Environment 2012 - by Metal-Pages: etals for Energy & Environment 2012
When & Where
6 - 8 Jun 2012
Las Vegas, United States
Register now for only USD 1999,-
General information
Programme
Who is attending?
Venue/hotel information
Questions?
Programme
This event takes place in the Green Valley Ranch resort in Las Vegas, for more information and to book a hotel room check out the
Keynote Presentations
09:00 "An update on Mountain Pass and the Rare Earth Market," Mark Smith, President and Chief Executive Officer of Molycorp, Inc., USA
09:30 "Rare Earths and the Challenges of Change in China", Clint Cox, President The Anchor House, Inc., USA
10:00 "Magnets for green energy and the environment," Ed Richardson, President, United States Magnetic Materials Association, USA
10:45 Networking Coffee break
11:15 "Critical materials - supply perspectives - USA", Ron MacDonald, Chairman, American Vanadium Corp, Canada
11:45 "Critical materials – supply perspectives - Europe," speaker to be announced
12:15 "Molybdenum sustainability and the environment," Tim Outteridge, Secretary-General, International Molybdenum Association, UK
13:00 Networking lunch sponsored by Molycorp
14:30 “Wind turbines – market growth and metals demand,” speaker to be announced
15:00 “The global solar silicon market - Where to now?” James May - Chairman and CEO, Midland Siilicon Company LLC, USA
15:30 “Indium, Gallium, Selenium, Cadmium and Tellurium for the solar market,” speaker to be announced
16:00 Close of first day’s session followed by networking coffee and tea
18:00 Networking cocktail party (ends 20:00)
Friday, 8 June
09:30 “The influence of new projects on the supply of rare earths 2013-2020,” John Kaiser, Editor, Kaiser Research Online, USA
10:15 "Will the Global Rare Earth Supply Chain Preclude America from Competing in Green Technology Manufacturing?" Michael Silver, CEO, American Elements, USA
11:00 Networking refreshment break
11:30 "Shoring Up the Grid: Vanadium and Energy Storage," Jon Hykawy, head of global research, Byron Capital Markets, Canada
12:00 “Recycling a critical source of raw materials,” speaker to be announced
12:30 Lunch
14:00 “Cleaning the Sky - The role of Cobalt Containing Aerospace Superalloys,” David Weight, Director and General Manager, Cobalt Development Institute, UK
14:30 “Electric Vehicles, developments and market trend,” speaker to be announced
15:00 “Catalysts and a clean environment”, speaker to be announced
When & Where
6 - 8 Jun 2012
Las Vegas, United States
Register now for only USD 1999,-
General information
Programme
Who is attending?
Venue/hotel information
Questions?
Programme
This event takes place in the Green Valley Ranch resort in Las Vegas, for more information and to book a hotel room check out the
Keynote Presentations
09:00 "An update on Mountain Pass and the Rare Earth Market," Mark Smith, President and Chief Executive Officer of Molycorp, Inc., USA
09:30 "Rare Earths and the Challenges of Change in China", Clint Cox, President The Anchor House, Inc., USA
10:00 "Magnets for green energy and the environment," Ed Richardson, President, United States Magnetic Materials Association, USA
10:45 Networking Coffee break
11:15 "Critical materials - supply perspectives - USA", Ron MacDonald, Chairman, American Vanadium Corp, Canada
11:45 "Critical materials – supply perspectives - Europe," speaker to be announced
12:15 "Molybdenum sustainability and the environment," Tim Outteridge, Secretary-General, International Molybdenum Association, UK
13:00 Networking lunch sponsored by Molycorp
14:30 “Wind turbines – market growth and metals demand,” speaker to be announced
15:00 “The global solar silicon market - Where to now?” James May - Chairman and CEO, Midland Siilicon Company LLC, USA
15:30 “Indium, Gallium, Selenium, Cadmium and Tellurium for the solar market,” speaker to be announced
16:00 Close of first day’s session followed by networking coffee and tea
18:00 Networking cocktail party (ends 20:00)
Friday, 8 June
09:30 “The influence of new projects on the supply of rare earths 2013-2020,” John Kaiser, Editor, Kaiser Research Online, USA
10:15 "Will the Global Rare Earth Supply Chain Preclude America from Competing in Green Technology Manufacturing?" Michael Silver, CEO, American Elements, USA
11:00 Networking refreshment break
11:30 "Shoring Up the Grid: Vanadium and Energy Storage," Jon Hykawy, head of global research, Byron Capital Markets, Canada
12:00 “Recycling a critical source of raw materials,” speaker to be announced
12:30 Lunch
14:00 “Cleaning the Sky - The role of Cobalt Containing Aerospace Superalloys,” David Weight, Director and General Manager, Cobalt Development Institute, UK
14:30 “Electric Vehicles, developments and market trend,” speaker to be announced
15:00 “Catalysts and a clean environment”, speaker to be announced
Optimization of two-wire Arc thermal spray process for the production of free-standing Tin alloy coating
Scopus: The present work deals with the optimisation of Tin alloy free-standing coating/component through two-wire arc thermal spray process. The production process was optimised using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA) experiment methodology. The four major spray process factors with three levels: the voltage, current, spray distance and air pressure were taken into the study. For optimum mechanical properties of free-standing Tin alloy thermal coating, the current was found to be the most significant parameter and inversely proportional to the arc current. The process parameters of two-wire arc spray machine were: spray distance 175 mm, air pressure 60 PSI (413kPa), voltage 22V and current 200 A. This free-standing Tin alloy sheet can be used for sheet composite material when plastic/carbon fibre cladding is done on it. It was confirmed by SEM analysis that this freestanding Tin alloy coating was dense
Smelting and mining BAT UK
Defra, in conjunction with the devolved administrations, is currently undertaking a six-year review of process guidance (PG) notes for Part B activities under UK environmental permitting and pollution prevention and control (PPC) legislation. These PG notes constitute statutory guidance on best available techniques (BAT) for the control of emissions into the air from installations under the Local Authority Pollution Prevention and Control (LAPPC) regime.
A number of draft PG notes have now been published for consultation, where:
• ten relate to the minerals sector, covering quarry processes, roadstone coating, and the processing and use of bulk cement, among other things; and
• seven relate to the metals sector, covering furnaces used for the extraction of non-ferrous metal from scrap melting and the process of melting and casting aluminium and its alloys, among other things.
Tuesday, April 3, 2012
Reduced graphene oxide-mediated growth of uniform tin-core/carbon-sheath coaxial nanocables with enhanced lithium ion storage properties
Scopus : Tin-core/carbon-sheath coaxial nanocables directly integrated into a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) surface are constructed by a new strategy involving a RGO-mediated procedure. The as-synthesized nanocables (see figure), with uniform diameter and high aspect ratio, are versatile and exhibit excellent lithium storage properties, as revealed by electrochemical evaluation.
Advanced Materials
Volume 24, Issue 11, 15 March 2012, Pages 1405-1409
Reduced graphene oxide-mediated growth of uniform tin-core/carbon-sheath coaxial nanocables with enhanced lithium ion storage properties
Luo, B.,Wang, B.,Liang, M.,Ning, J.,Li, X.,Zhi, L.
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beiyitiao No.11, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
Advanced Materials
Volume 24, Issue 11, 15 March 2012, Pages 1405-1409
Reduced graphene oxide-mediated growth of uniform tin-core/carbon-sheath coaxial nanocables with enhanced lithium ion storage properties
Luo, B.,Wang, B.,Liang, M.,Ning, J.,Li, X.,Zhi, L.
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beiyitiao No.11, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
Mercury sensor material based on tin/graphene
Scopuss: SnO 2 nanoparticles/graphene (SnO 2/GP) nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile microwave method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the nanocomposite corresponded to the diffraction peak typical of graphene and the rutile phase of SnO 2 with tetragonal structure. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images revealed that the graphene sheets were dotted with SnO 2 nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the development of SnO 2/GP resulted from the removal of the oxygenous groups on graphene oxide (GO) by Sn 2 ions. The nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed excellent enhancement of electrochemical performance when interacting with mercury(II) ions in potassium chloride supporting electrolyte. The current was increased by more than tenfold, suggesting its potential to be used as a mercury(II) sensor.
Ceramics International
2012
Preparation and characterization of tin oxide, SnO 2 nanoparticles decorated graphene ( Articles not published yet, but available online Article in press About articles in press (opens in a new window) )
Lim, H.N.a ,Nurzulaikha, R.b,Harrison, I.b,Lim, S.S.b,Tan, W.T.a,Yeo, M.C.a,Yarmo, M.A.c,Huang, N.M.d
a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
b School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
c School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43000 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
d Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 53400 Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
Ceramics International
2012
Preparation and characterization of tin oxide, SnO 2 nanoparticles decorated graphene ( Articles not published yet, but available online Article in press About articles in press (opens in a new window) )
Lim, H.N.a ,Nurzulaikha, R.b,Harrison, I.b,Lim, S.S.b,Tan, W.T.a,Yeo, M.C.a,Yarmo, M.A.c,Huang, N.M.d
a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
b School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
c School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43000 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
d Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 53400 Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
Solubility of tin dioxide in soda-lime silicate melts
Scopus: In the present work, the solubility of tin dioxide is assessed as a function of time, temperature and basicity in simple ternary glasses: NC3S, NC4S, NC5S and NC6S (N: Na 2O, C: CaO, S: SiO 2). An increase of silica contents in the glass composition leads indeed to a decrease of the glass basicity. First, a kinetic study of the dissolution has been performed. Consequently, the solubility limits of tin dioxide have been determined after 2 h of heat treatment: this duration is long enough to reach the dissolution equilibrium, and short enough to limit the sodium oxide losses in the melt at high temperatures. Nevertheless the specific case of the most acid glass has been underlined, as its higher viscosity implies longer heating times. At equilibrium state, SnO 2 solubility depends on the temperature (Arrhenius law) and on the glass basicity. In the 1200C-1400C temperature range, in these soda-lime glasses, the solubility of tin dioxide is between 1.3 and 2.1 at.% Sn and the temperature dependence of solubility exhibits a single mechanism of dissolution. Furthermore, the basicity dependence of the solubilization process is also discussed, and the presence of another oxidation state of tin (Sn II) is thus proposed.
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Volume 358, Issue 8, 15 April 2012, Pages 1135-1140
Gateau, P.,Petitjean, C.,Panteix, P.J. ,Rapin, C.,Vilasi, M.
Institut Jean Lamour UMR 7198, Département CP2S - Equipe 206, Nancy Université, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 70239-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex, France
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Volume 358, Issue 8, 15 April 2012, Pages 1135-1140
Gateau, P.,Petitjean, C.,Panteix, P.J. ,Rapin, C.,Vilasi, M.
Institut Jean Lamour UMR 7198, Département CP2S - Equipe 206, Nancy Université, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 70239-54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex, France
Monday, March 19, 2012
Researchers Produce Nanocomposite Materials with Antimicrobial Activity
Researchers Produce Nanocomposite Materials with Antimicrobial Activity: A research team comprising Mihaela Leonida and colleagues from the Fairleigh Dickinson University has explained the preparation technique of chitosan nanoparticles in the International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials.
Chitosan is a naturally available biodegradable and non-toxic polysaccharide, which can stop infection in wounds and improve the wound-healing process by promoting the growth of skin cells. It is used in preservatives for packaging foods and in dentistry to eliminate caries. It has also been assessed as an additive for use in antimicrobial textiles, which are utilized in clothes for healthcare and other professionals.
Chitosan nanoparticles have demonstrated efficient antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. These materials find applications as a wound-healing material to prevent opportunistic infection and aid wound healing.
The research team utilized an ionic gelation process and sodium tripolyphosphate for producing the chitosan nanoparticles. In the ionic gelation process, bonds are formed between polymer strands by a cross-linking process. Under these conditions, the ionic gelation process eliminates the requirement for toxic chemicals or complicated preparative chemistry. Chitosan nanoparticles can also be produced in the presence of antimicrobial agents such as silver or copper ions. The team’s initial test results demonstrate the improved antimicrobial activity of the composite materials against two representative bacteria types.
The knowledge of the inhibition mechanism of the chitosan nanoparticles against bacteria will be helpful in designing high-efficient antibacterial agents. The research team has also showed the skin regenerative properties of the chitosan nanoparticles when tested the materials on skin cell keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the laboratory, paving the way to develop anti-aging skin care products.
Source: http://www.inderscience.com
Chitosan is a naturally available biodegradable and non-toxic polysaccharide, which can stop infection in wounds and improve the wound-healing process by promoting the growth of skin cells. It is used in preservatives for packaging foods and in dentistry to eliminate caries. It has also been assessed as an additive for use in antimicrobial textiles, which are utilized in clothes for healthcare and other professionals.
Chitosan nanoparticles have demonstrated efficient antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. These materials find applications as a wound-healing material to prevent opportunistic infection and aid wound healing.
The research team utilized an ionic gelation process and sodium tripolyphosphate for producing the chitosan nanoparticles. In the ionic gelation process, bonds are formed between polymer strands by a cross-linking process. Under these conditions, the ionic gelation process eliminates the requirement for toxic chemicals or complicated preparative chemistry. Chitosan nanoparticles can also be produced in the presence of antimicrobial agents such as silver or copper ions. The team’s initial test results demonstrate the improved antimicrobial activity of the composite materials against two representative bacteria types.
The knowledge of the inhibition mechanism of the chitosan nanoparticles against bacteria will be helpful in designing high-efficient antibacterial agents. The research team has also showed the skin regenerative properties of the chitosan nanoparticles when tested the materials on skin cell keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the laboratory, paving the way to develop anti-aging skin care products.
Source: http://www.inderscience.com
Thursday, March 1, 2012
Stannous chloride—an effective reducing agent for the removal of selenium(IV) from acidic solution
Selenium removal from aqueous solutions can be a significant industrial problem, particularly in the metallurgical industry. In order to evaluate new reducing agents for this application, the reduction of selenious acid (H2SeO3) species with stannous ions (Sn2+) from weakly acidic sulfate solutions containing 300 mg L−1 of selenium at 23 °C was studied.
RESULTS: At initial pH values < 1.3 and molar ratio ≥ 2, less than 0.5 µg L−1 of selenium(IV) remained in solution after reduction. The reductive precipitation reaction started as soon as the stannous ions were added to the selenium-bearing solution and was completed in less than 5 min. The reaction products, characterized using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, particle and surface area measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and chemical analysis, were composed of approximately equal amounts of tin selenide and tin dioxide. In addition to tin selenide a minor amount of selenium(IV) was found to be removed via adsorption on the tin dioxide formed in situ. Tests with a complex industrial solution also resulted in full and stable selenium precipitation.
CONCLUSION: Stannous ions were found to be very effective in removing selenious ions from synthetic and industrial solutions, producing very stable precipitates. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Nicolas Geoffroy, George P. Demopoulos*
Article first published online: 13 FEB 2012
DOI: 10.1002/jctb.3708
Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Issue
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology
Monday, February 27, 2012
Study of the Anticancer Properties of Tin(IV) Carboxylate Complexes on a Panel of Human Tumor Cell Lines
Scopus: A group of organotin(IV) complexes were prepared: [SnCy 3(DMNI)] (1), [SnCy 3(BZDO)] (2), [SnCy 3(DMFU)] (3), and [SnPh 2(BZDO) 2] (4), for which DMNIH=2,6-dimethoxynicotinic acid, BZDOH=1,4-benzodioxane-6-carboxylic acid, and DMFUH=2,5-dimethyl-3-furoic acid. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-4 were tested against pancreatic carcinoma (PANC-1), erythroleukemia (K562), and two glioblastoma multiform (U87 and LN-229) human cell lines; they show very high antiproliferative activity, with IC 50 values in the 150-700nM range after incubation for 72h. Distribution of cellular DNA upon treatment with 1-4 revealed that whereas compounds 1-3 induce apoptosis in most of the cell lines, compound 4 does not affect cell viability in any cell line tested, indicating a possible difference in cytotoxic mechanism. Studies with the daunomycin-resistant K562/R cell line expressing P-glycoprotein (Pgp) showed that compounds 1-4 are not substrates of this protein efflux pump, indicating that these compounds do not induce acquisition of multidrug resistance, which is associated with the overexpression of Pgp
Wednesday, February 8, 2012
Tin-Free RTV silicaone system
Press Releases - Wacker Chemie AG: For instance, ELASTOSIL N 9111 makes the dam-and-fill encapsulation of electronic modules significantly quicker and easier. In this process, a bead of non-sag silicone is applied to the module to create a dam around the encapsulation area, which is then filled with a low-viscosity encapsulant, e.g. a platinum-catalyzed silicone gel.
If the RTV-1 silicone used for the bead contains a tin catalyst, the silicone must be fully cured before encapsulation. Otherwise the tin will inhibit the curing of the platinum-catalyzed encapsulant. As a result, using tin-based RTV-1 silicones for such procedures is always time consuming and cost intensive
If the RTV-1 silicone used for the bead contains a tin catalyst, the silicone must be fully cured before encapsulation. Otherwise the tin will inhibit the curing of the platinum-catalyzed encapsulant. As a result, using tin-based RTV-1 silicones for such procedures is always time consuming and cost intensive
Tuesday, January 31, 2012
Nano form of titanium dioxide can be toxic to marine organisms
www.physorg.co Nano-titanium dioxide is highly reactive to sunlight and other forms of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the authors write, adding that TiO2's property of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to UVR makes it useful in antibacterial coatings and wastewater disinfection, and potentially valuable as an anti-cancer agent.
Until now, they say, no research has demonstrated that photoactivity causes environmental toxicity of TiO2 under natural levels of UVR.
Until now, they say, no research has demonstrated that photoactivity causes environmental toxicity of TiO2 under natural levels of UVR.
Sunscreen concern reaches into the school grounds – Features – ABC Environment (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
ABC Environment (Australian Broadcasting Corporation): Both the government and the industry lobby group Accord point to a 2009 TGA study stating, "The potential for titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in sunscreens to cause adverse effects depend primarily upon the ability of the nanoparticles to reach viable skin cells. To date, the current weight of evidence suggests that TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles do not reach viable skin cells, rather, they remain on the surface of the skin and in the outer layer (stratum corneum) of the skin that is composed of non-viable, keratinised cells."
Monday, January 9, 2012
Method Of Colouring Tin And Tin-Containing Articles
espacenet: A method of colouring the surface of a tin-containing article is provided, the method comprising contacting at least a portion of the surface of the article with a solution comprising a thiosulphate, preferably under substantially neutral or acidic conditions. In one embodiment, the solution contains sodium thiosulphate and citric acid and further comprises a copper salt, together with acetone and/or glycerol. The method is preferably conducted at elevated temperatures, in particular by heating the solution to a temperature of from 45 to 85 DEG C. The method is particularly suitable for the colouring of pewter articles, but may be applied to a wide range of tin-containing materials and tin alloys.
Trish Woods, University of Plymouth patent
US2012000412 (A1) ― 2012-01-05
Wear Behavior of the Lead-Free Tin Bronze Matrix Composite Reinforced by Carbon Nanotubes
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Volume 42, Number 13 - SpringerLink
Copper-coated carbon nanotubes were prepared by the electroless plating route. The structure and component of copper/carbon tubes were characterized using a transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. The results show that the surface of the carbon tubes was covered by the copper particles. Copper/carbon tubes were used as the substitute of part of tin and all of lead in the tin bronze matrix, and the tribological properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced Cu-4 wt pct Sn-6 wt pct Zn composites were studied. The effects of the carbon nanotube volume fraction and sliding distance in unlubricated ball-on-disc wear test were investigated. The 3 vol pct carbon nanotube-reinforced Cu-4 wt pct Sn-6 wt pct Zn composite shows the Vickers hardness of 126.9, which is approximately 1.6 times higher than that of Cu-6 wt pct Sn-6 wt pct Zn-3 wt pct Pb tin bronze. The wear rate and average friction coefficients of 3 vol pct carbon nanotube-reinforced Cu-4 wt pct Sn-6 wt pct Zn composite were lower than those of the Cu-6 wt pct Sn-6 wt pct Zn-3 wt pct Pb tin bronze, respectively.
Wednesday, January 4, 2012
Litium ion battery anode based on carbon film
US20110300448A1: Lithium battery useful in portable electronic devices e.g. mobile phones, comprises anode and cathode comprising first and second carbon nanotube structures respectively, unit for separating the anode from the cathode, and container
An anode of a lithium battery includes a composite film, the composite film includes a carbon nanotube film structure and a plurality of nanoscale tin oxide particles dispersed therein. A lithium battery includes at least a cathode, an electrolyte, and the anode mentioned above. A charge/discharge capacity of the lithium battery using the anode can be improved.
Feng, Chen; Beijing, China
Zhang, Hao-Xu; Beijing, China
Jiang, Kai-Li; Beijing, China
Fan, Shou-Shan; Beijing, China
Assignee: HON HAI PRECISION INDUSTRY CO., LTD., Tu-Cheng, Taiwan
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
other patents from HON HAI PRECISION IND. CO., LTD. (717065) (approx. 2,062)
News, Profiles, Stocks and More about this company
Published / Filed: 2011-12-08 / 2011-08-15
Application Number: US2011000209568
An anode of a lithium battery includes a composite film, the composite film includes a carbon nanotube film structure and a plurality of nanoscale tin oxide particles dispersed therein. A lithium battery includes at least a cathode, an electrolyte, and the anode mentioned above. A charge/discharge capacity of the lithium battery using the anode can be improved.
Feng, Chen; Beijing, China
Zhang, Hao-Xu; Beijing, China
Jiang, Kai-Li; Beijing, China
Fan, Shou-Shan; Beijing, China
Assignee: HON HAI PRECISION INDUSTRY CO., LTD., Tu-Cheng, Taiwan
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
other patents from HON HAI PRECISION IND. CO., LTD. (717065) (approx. 2,062)
News, Profiles, Stocks and More about this company
Published / Filed: 2011-12-08 / 2011-08-15
Application Number: US2011000209568
Lead-free high-strength high lubrcity copper alloys
espacenet: A lead-free copper alloy includes, in combination by weight, about 10.0% to about 20.0% bismuth, about 0.05% to about 0.3% phosphorous, about 2.2% to about 10.0% tin, up to about 5.0% antimony, and up to about 0.02% boron, the balance essentially copper and incidental elements and impurities. The alloy contains no more than about 0.05 wt. % or 0.10 wt. % lead.
US2011303387
MISRA ABHIJEET [US]; SEBASTIAN JASON [US]; WRIGHT JAMES A [US] +
Applicant(s): QUESTEK INNOVATIONS LLC [US] +
US2011303387
MISRA ABHIJEET [US]; SEBASTIAN JASON [US]; WRIGHT JAMES A [US] +
Applicant(s): QUESTEK INNOVATIONS LLC [US] +
Lithium ion anodes from coconut shells
Factiva; In this work, the
potential of using coconut shell, which is very cheap and readily
available, for the production of graphitic nanocarbon three-dimensional
networks is investigated. The three-dimensional carbon has been produced
via the wet-impregnation of coconut shell powder with a transition
metal catalyst," scientists writing in the Journal of Solid State
Electrochemistry report.
"The novel process
employed offers low costs and environmental advantages, with biological
waste used in place of carbonaceous precursor as the feedstock.
Nanocarbon/tin oxide composites were prepared via wet-impregnation and the solvothermal method, using tin
chloride solution with the activated nanocarbon. The electrochemical
performances of the three-dimensional nanocarbon doped with tin
oxide and of activated nanocarbon alone as anode materials were
investigated in rechargeable lithium ion batteries," wrote C.F. Zhang
and colleagues, University of Wollongong.
The researchers
concluded: "One composite made by using the solvothermal method shows
stable cyclic retention up to 100 cycles and delivers a high reversible
capacity of about 405 mAh g(-1)."
Zhang and colleagues
published their study in the Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
(Three-dimensional nanocarbon and the electrochemistry of nanocarbon/tin
oxide for lithium ion batteries. Journal of Solid State
Electrochemistry, 2011;15(11-12):2645-2652).
Additional information
can be obtained by contacting C.F. Zhang, University of Wollongong, Inst
Superconducting & Elect Mat, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Graphite-supported 2,2'-bipyridine-capped ultrafine tin nanoparticles for anodes of lithium-ion batteries
Scopus: Monodisperse and small tin nanoparticles were prepared from a 2,2'-bipyridine-tin( 2) chloride complex using sodium borohydride as reducing agent. When the synthesis was conducted in the presence of graphite, Sn particles with an average diameter of ca. 29nm well-dispersed at the surface of graphite were obtained. Electrochemical lithium insertion was carried out in these materials. A stable reversible capacity of ca. 480mAhg-1, value 37% higher than that of pure graphite, was found.
Nabais, C.a , Schneider, R.b , Willmann, P.c , Billaud, D.a Email this author Correspondence address
a Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide Minral, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex, France
b Laboratoire Ractions et Gnie des Procds (UPR 3349), Nancy-University, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
c Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, 18 avenue E. Belin, 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
Nabais, C.a , Schneider, R.b , Willmann, P.c , Billaud, D.a Email this author Correspondence address
a Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide Minral, Nancy-University, CNRS, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex, France
b Laboratoire Ractions et Gnie des Procds (UPR 3349), Nancy-University, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
c Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, 18 avenue E. Belin, 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
Tin containing amorphus alloy patent
WO2011159596A1: Bulk-solidifying amorphous alloys have very high strength, high specific strength, high elastic strain limit, and an unusual combination of other engineering properties.
One embodiment provides a composition, the composition comprising: an alloy that is at least partially amorphous and is represented by a chemical formula: (Zr, Ti)aMbNcSnd, wherein: M is at least one transition metal element; N is Al, Be, or both; a, b, c, and d each independently represents an atomic percentage; and a is from about 30 to 70, b is from about 25 to 60, c is from about 5 to 30, and d is from about 0.1 to 5
Amorphous alloys and their in-situ composites generally need high purity constituent elements to achieve optimum mechanical and thermal properties. However, the need for high purity elements limits the number of re-melting and recycling steps to which the alloys can be subjected. This not only increases the cost of manufacturing, but also increases the waste and environmental pollution associated with such manufacturing.
Accordingly, there is a need to develop a new class of engineering alloys that exhibit the same thermal and mechanical properties (e.g., high yield strength, high hardness, high ductility and toughness), yet have a reduced manufacturing cost and environmental impact.
One embodiment provides a composition, the composition comprising: an alloy that is at least partially amorphous and is represented by a chemical formula: (Zr, Ti)aMbNcSnd, wherein: M is at least one transition metal element; N is Al, Be, or both; a, b, c, and d each independently represents an atomic percentage; and a is from about 30 to 70, b is from about 25 to 60, c is from about 5 to 30, and d is from about 0.1 to 5
Amorphous alloys and their in-situ composites generally need high purity constituent elements to achieve optimum mechanical and thermal properties. However, the need for high purity elements limits the number of re-melting and recycling steps to which the alloys can be subjected. This not only increases the cost of manufacturing, but also increases the waste and environmental pollution associated with such manufacturing.
Accordingly, there is a need to develop a new class of engineering alloys that exhibit the same thermal and mechanical properties (e.g., high yield strength, high hardness, high ductility and toughness), yet have a reduced manufacturing cost and environmental impact.
Withdrawal of Significant New Use Rules
Nimonik: EPA is withdrawing two significant new use rules (SNURs) promulgated under section 5(a)(2) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for chemical substances which were the subject of premanufacture notices (PMNs), i.e., rutile, tin zinc, calcium-doped (PMN P-06-36; CAS No. 389623-01-2) and rutile, tin zinc, sodium-doped (PMN P-06-37; CAS No. 389623-07-8). These chemical substances are subject to TSCA section 5(e) consent orders issued by EPA. EPA received a notice of intent to submit adverse comments on the direct final rule. Therefore, the Agency is withdrawing these SNURs, as required under the expedited SNUR rulemaking process. EPA intends to publish in the near future proposed SNURs for these two chemical substances under separate notice and comment procedures.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
Posts
